Intra-Articular Injection of Human Placental Extract for Management of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis in Male Wistar Rats: An Experimental Study

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.

2 Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

3 Pathology Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.

4 oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

Abstract

Introduction: Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) is a type
of osteoarthritis that specifically affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
Human placental extract (HPE) has shown potential as a therapeutic option for
treating temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA). Aim: To evaluate the
regenerative effect of HPE in the management of degenerative TMJ OA in male rats.
Methods: This investigation conducted on 32 male rats, divided into four groups of
eight animals each; Group I, served as a control, receiving only saline injections and thus
representing a baseline, untreated state. Group II, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ
OA) control group, was subjected to a surgical procedure that created a full-thickness
osteochondral defect via power drills, and these animals were subsequently terminated
two weeks post-procedure. Group III was subjected to the same surgical procedure as
group II then administered HPE via intra-articular injections into the TMJ at a dosage
of 10 mg/kg daily for a duration of two weeks; these rats were then euthanized in the
fourth week. Group IV was subjected to the same surgical procedure as group II then
administered HPE via intra-articular injections into the TMJ at a dosage of 10 mg/kg
daily for a duration of two weeks; these rats were then euthanized in the fifth week.
Results: Histological evaluation of samples of all rats which injected intra-articular
injection of HPE on TMJ, proved that HPE facilitated healing of temporal bone and
articular disc in comparison with other groups, group IV HPE treated group with
sacrificing at 6th week was the nearest to normal group I. Blood results revealed that
all rats which injected intra-articular of HPE on TMJ showed a reduction in levels of
inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, and CRP. Conclusion: HPE has anti-inflammatory
and regenerative properties on TMJ OA according to histological evaluations of rats
and blood sample evaluations by reducing inflammatory markers such as IL-1β, IL-6,
and CRP. 

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Dental Science Updates
Volume 6, Issue 2
September 2025
Pages 329-339

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